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Detailed Answer

Probate timelines vary widely in Missouri. Several key factors determine how quickly an estate moves through court, from opening the case to distributing assets. Below are the most common influences under Missouri law.

1. Estate Complexity and Asset Types

Smaller estates with few assets—such as a single bank account—often qualify for a simplified procedure. Missouri’s “small estate” allowance (RSMo 473.345) lets personal representatives avoid full probate if assets total under $40,000. Larger or more complex estates with real estate, business interests, or out-of-state assets generally require full administration, which takes longer.

2. Creditor Claims and Notice Requirements

Missouri courts require personal representatives to publish notice to creditors and mail individual notices to known claimants (RSMo 473.443). Creditors then have up to three months from the date of first publication to file claims (RSMo 473.360). The estate cannot close until all valid claims are resolved or barred.

3. Inventory and Appraisal Deadlines

Within 90 days of appointment, the personal representative must file a complete inventory and appraisement of all probate assets (RSMo 473.457). Gathering appraisals—especially for real estate or unique collectibles—can extend this phase if professional valuations are required.

4. Court Scheduling and Local Procedures

Probate courts in Missouri operate under county rules and varying dockets. Busy jurisdictions may schedule hearings weeks or months apart. Delays in scheduling inventory confirmations, account settlements, or petitions to sell property directly impact the overall timeline.

5. Contested Issues and Litigation

Disputes over wills, beneficiary designations, or fiduciary duties can significantly lengthen probate. Will contests trigger adversary proceedings and discovery, which follow civil‐procedure timelines rather than streamlined probate rules.

6. Tax Filings and Obligations

Missouri does not impose an inheritance tax, but federal estate tax and final income tax returns may apply. Personal representatives often wait for tax clearances before distributing assets, adding weeks or months depending on IRS processing times.

In a straightforward Missouri probate with no disputes, probate can wrap up in as little as six months. Complex estates or contested cases often take one to two years—or longer if litigation arises.

Helpful Hints

• Confirm whether your estate qualifies for Missouri’s small‐estate process under RSMo 473.345 to save time.
• Publish notifications promptly in a local newspaper and mail known creditors’ notices within 30 days of appointment.
• Schedule appraisals early for real estate or business interests to meet the 90-day inventory deadline (RSMo 473.457).
• Check your county probate court’s calendar for hearing schedules and filing requirements.
• Consider mediation or informal negotiations to resolve disputes more quickly than full litigation.
• Obtain tax clearances from the IRS before final distribution to avoid future liability.